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Satī (Pron:ˈsʌti:) (Devnagri: सती, IAST: satī), also known as Dakshayani (Devanagari: दाक्षायणी, IAST: dākṣāyaṇī), is a Hindu goddess of marital felicity and longevity. An aspect of Adi Parashakti, Dakshayani is the first consort of Shiva, the second being Parvati, the reincarnation of Sati herself. In Hindu legend, both Sati and Parvati successively play the role of bringing Shiva away from ascetic isolation into creative participation in the world.〔Kinsley, David (1987, reprint 2005). ''Hindu Goddesses: Visions of the Divine Feminine in the Hindu Religious Tradition'', Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, ISBN 81-208-0394-9, p.38〕 The act of Sati, in which a Hindu widow immolates herself on her husband's funeral pyre as a final and consummate act of loyalty and devotion, is patterned after the deed committed by this goddess to uphold the honour of her husband.〔Kinsley, David (1987, reprint 2005). ''Hindu Goddesses: Visions of the Divine Feminine in the Hindu Religious Tradition'', Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, ISBN 81-208-0394-9, p.35〕 ==Full Story== Queen Prasuti had desired for a daughter. So Lord Brahma advised her and Daksha to meditate upon Goddess Adi-Parashakti. So they gave up their royal robes, put on the guises of saints, and sat in a forest, surviving the heat, cold, rain, fallen leaves from trees and harsh winds. After a long time, Goddess Adi-Parashakti appeared to them in her visible form of a thousand hands, holding countless weapons, wearing ornaments like diamonds, gems, earrings, gold armours, a crown, and a red sari. After Daksha and Prasuti's penance were over, Adi Parashakti asked them to get the desired boon from her. Daksha asked the Goddess to take birth again as their daughter. The Goddess gave them their consent but also gave them a warning that if she ever is insulted, she will take up the same form and disown herself. Daksha and Prasuti had agreed to take care of her. Back into their palace, Adi parashakti again took human birth at the bidding of Lord Brahma. Daksha and Prasuti named their daughter Sati. Daksha was a son of Brahma and a great king and magnate in his own right. As the daughter of Daksha, she is also known as Dakshayani. By this logic, Sati is the granddaughter of Brahma by Daksha, but is also great-granddaughter of Brahma because Prasuti is daughter of Manu (Manu is son of Brahma). Sati was a newborn to Daksha and Prasuti's 23 daughters. In bidding of Adi-Parashakti to take human birth, Brahma's design was that she would please Shiva with humble devotions and wed him. It was natural that Sati, even as a child, adored the tales and legends associated with Shiva told by sage Narad and grew up an ardent devotee. As she grew to womanhood, the idea of marrying anyone else, as intended by her father, became unfair to her. Every proposal from valiant and rich kings made her crave evermore the Lord of Kailash, the God of Gods, who bestowed all on this world and himself foreswore all. To win the regard of the ascetic Shiva, the daughter of king Daksha forsook the luxuries of her father's palace and retired to a forest, there to devote herself to austerities and the worship of Shiva. So rigorous were her penances that she gradually renounced food itself, at one stage subsisting on one leaf a day, and then giving up even that nourishment; this particular abstinence earned her the name Aparna. Her prayers finally bore fruit when, after testing her resolve, Shiva finally acceded to her wishes and consented to make her his bride. An ecstatic Sati returned to her father's home to await her bridegroom, but found her father less than elated by the turn of events. The wedding was however held in due course, and Sati made her home with Shiva in Kailash. Daksha, depicted in legend as an arrogant king, did not get on with his renunciative son-in-law and basically cut his daughter away from her natal family. Daksha organized a prayer ritual and invited all the Gods, Goddesses and princes. But he did not invite Shiva or Sati because he was unhappy that his daughter had married Shiva. Sati learnt about the yagna and asked Shiva to go with her. When Shiva refused, Sati insisted upon going and was escorted by Shiva's troops to her father's kingdom. Upon reaching, Daksha got angry on seeing her and yelled at her telling her she was not welcome. Sati tried to make him understand but it was no use. It is said that when Daksha did not stop yelling, the angered Sati took the form of the goddess, Adi Parashakti. Lightning and thunder threatened to destroy the Earth. All sorts of calamities arose as Mother Earth couldn't bear her strong radiance and power. The Gods, saints, sages, Goddesses Lakshmi and Saraswati, her mother, father and her sisters trembled in fear and respectfully saluted her, who was the Mother of the Universe (Jagadamba). Adi Parashakti introduced herself as the Eternal Power to Daksha and cursed him to be killed by Shiva, inclusive of all the Gods, princes and Goddesses. Finally, She sat in meditation and with the help of pranayama combined his prana and apana and eventually left his prana in yogic manner from the top of head. A very angry and grief-stricken Shiva learnt about Sati's death and he rendered a terrible "Tandav Dance of Destruction", the more Shiva danced, the more destruction arose. Later, Shiva pulled two locks of hair and fell it on the ground. One arose Virbhadra, Shiva's destructive and terrible incarnation, having eight hands holding weapons and possessing a dark complexion. The second arose Bhadrakali, the Supreme Goddess's violent and intense incarnation, having eighteen hands holding weapons like a discus, dagger, trident, spear, mace, scimitar, sword, vajra, conch shell, demon head, drinking vessel, goad, waterpot, cleaver, shield, bow and arrow. She had a darker complexion and hence the name Bhadrakali. Shiva ordered them to wreak havoc. Bhadrakali is Virbhadra's spouse. Virbhadra and Bhadrakali were assisted by eight other Goddesses named Kali, Katyayini, Chamunda, Ishaani, Mundamardini, Bhadra, Vaishnavi and Twarita who appeared at their side. In other versions, it was said that first Virbhadra arose and after he was held captive by Vishnu, who was protecting Daksha since he was Vishnu's devotee and the Lord had promised him protection in time of need, Shiva created Bhadrakali who freed Virbhadra and was embedded in him and rendered him more powerful. Kali has four hands holding a sword, trident, demon head and drinking vessel, Katyayani has four hands holding a sword, trident, lotus and hand gesture of destruction, riding on a lion, Chamunda has sixteen hands holding a sword, discus, conch shell, mace, trident, skull mace, scimitar, drum, battle-axe, snake, shield, bow, arrow, spear, vajra, drinking vessel, thunderbolt, and severed demon head. Bhadra has eight hands holding a battle-axe, sword, hook, trident, discus, conch shell, drinking vessel and thunderbolt. Vaishnavi has six hands holding a discus, conch shell, mace, longsword, lotus, bow and arrow. Mundamardini has two hands holding a sword and a drinking vessel, Ishaani has eight hands holding a spear, trident, mace, longsword, bow, arrow, scimitar and battle-axe and Twarita has eight hands holding weapons like a discus, conch shell, trident, mace, sword, bow, arrow and shield, riding on a lion. Daksha himself was decapitated by Virbhadra and Bhadrakali, Kali, Katyayani, Chamundai, Ishaani, Mundamardini, Bhadra, Vaishnavi and Twarita fell upon Daksha and Bhrigu's demon armies, Gods, saints, priests and others. After the night of horror, Shiva, the all-forgiving, restored all those who were slain to life and granted them his blessings. Even the abusive and culpable Daksha was restored both his life and his kingship. His decapitated head was substituted for that of a goat. Having learned his lesson, Daksha spent his remaining years as a devotee of Shiva. Out of grief and sorrow, Shiva carried Sati's body reminiscing their moments as a couple, and roamed around the universe with it. Vishnu had cut her body into 52 body parts named Shakti Peeths, to complete this massively long task, Lord Shiva took the form of Bhairav. Entirely all of her body parts were the symbolism of each manifestation of Goddess Adi-Parashakti, Bhairav has incarnated himself to protect her Shakti Peeths in different forms for the protection from the evil forces. After this long interval, Sati was reborn as Parvati, who was also known as Uma or Hemavati, daughter of Himavan, king of the mountains, and his wife Menavati. This time, she was born the daughter of a father whom she could respect, a father who appreciated Shiva ardently. Naturally, she grew up to be a woman and went to the forest to do meditation to Lord Shiva to attain him again as her husband. In course of time, she married Lord Shiva and gave birth to Karttikeya, who slew Tarakasur, and the elephant-headed god Ganesha. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Sati (goddess)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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